Evolution and revolution in artificial intelligence in education

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Roll, I., & Wylie, R. (2016). Evolution and revolution in artificial intelligence in education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 582–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0110-3

Roll and Wylie (2016) conducted this literature review and analysis, published in the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (IJAIED). As the authors stated, Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) has evolved and revolutionized education over the past 25 years. To explore the trends, evolution, and potential directions of AIED, the authors reviewed and analyzed 47 papers in the IJAIED and published in 1994, 2004, and 2014. The study aimed to analyze the AIED field, identify shifts in focus, and explore new opportunities for evolution and revolution in AI in education. Through the literature review, Roll and Wylie (2016) discovered that AIED research has been primarily composed of personalized tutoring systems, research trends regarding an increase in empirical research on AIED, and focuses on STEM subjects. The authors argue that AIED research balances evolving existing frameworks and revolutionizes interactive learning environments (ILE). Through this, AIED’s frameworks must expand to incorporate informal learning environments, cultural norms, and new technologies. The study’s comprehensive analysis of information has created a reliable and valid overview of AIED evolution, and it uniquely describes the trends, evolution, and revolution of AI in education. However, although Roll and Wylie (2016) only focused on papers in the IJAIEDjournal, which may have limited the scope of the study, the authors have identified the growth of AIED implementation and research. This article positively contributes to our understanding of AI in K -12 education, and the authors’ findings apply to the research question of how AI-based tools can be effectively implemented in education through needing to revolutionize how AI is implemented to enhance teaching, increase student learning experiences, and address teacher workload. (272 words)